Hi Simon,
thank you - in my current solution I don't use npm bbclass at all.
I basically use npmsw://${THISDIR}/${BPN}/npm-shrinkwrap.json;dev=True
this will downloadall npm stuff including angular because of dev=True to $S/node_modules

do_compile () {
#    build frontend
     chmod -R a+w ${S}/node_modules/@angular
     chmod 755 ${S}/node_modules/@angular/cli/bin/ng
     cd ${S}/ && ./node_modules/@angular/cli/bin/ng build --prod
}

I'm dealing with that problem:
https://lists.yoctoproject.org/g/yocto/message/52515